Study

Here is everything we have made to support your study of Thầy's teachings, illustrations and additional explanations around Thầy's commentaries, a reference tool for the map of the mind, and the fifty verses themselves.

The map of the mind

The Inner Landscape

The whole of the mind Thầy describes, in one place — the eight consciousnesses, the seeds, and the fifty-one mental formations with their families and valences, each in plain English. The reference to keep open beside the verses.

Open the Inner Landscape →

The Verses & the Reflections

The six parts of the book. Open a part to meet its verses — each with the title the book gives it, and an illustration where we have drawn one. Open a verse for Thầy's own words, and for the Reflections written on it: short standalone pieces we are adding one at a time.

🫘 Part I · Store Consciousness

Verses 1–15

The ground of the mind, where all our seeds are kept โ€” and how they ripen into the worlds we live in.

1 The Mind Is a Field
The mind as a field: red, blue and green seeds lying in the store along the bottom, each sending a stem up into what it becomes โ€” a weed, a plant, a flower. ×
the verse

Mind is a fieldin which every kind of seed is sown.This mind-field can also be called"all the seeds."

2 Every Kind of Seed
Every kind of seed: suffering, a table and happiness all manifesting from the same store โ€” the painful, the ordinary and the joyful side by side. ×
the verse

In us are infinite varieties of seedsโ€”seeds of samsara, nirvana, delusion, and enlightenment,seeds of suffering and happiness,seeds of perceptions, names, and words.

3 Nothing Is Lost
Nothing is lost: what manifested above โ€” the table, the weed, the flower โ€” travels back down on black arrows and settles into the store again as seed. ×
the verse

Seeds that manifest as body and mind,as realms of being, stages, and worlds,are all stored in our consciousness.That is why it is called "store."

4 Transmission
Transmission: along the top, ancestors, an embryo, a child, an adult and an elder; below in red, mother, family, friends, educators and society โ€” each handing seeds into the same stream. ×
the verse

Some seeds are innate,handed down by our ancestors.Some were sown while we were still in the womb,others were sown when we were children.

5 Individual and Collective Seeds
Individual and collective: two separate minds above, one growing joy and one anger; below, the two overlap into a single collective field where joy rises in both. ×
the verse

Whether transmitted by family, friends,society, or education,all our seeds are, by nature,both individual and collective.

6 The Quality of the Seeds
The quality of the seeds: on the left, compassion, understanding and love rising from green seeds; on the right, hostility, sadness and anger rising from red ones. ×
the verse

The quality of our lifedepends on the qualityof the seedsthat lie deep in our consciousness.

7 Habit Energies
Habit energies: a sign drops from what we meet into the store and runs along a worn groove, while a monastic waters the seeds โ€” one rising as freshness, another as aversion. ×
the verse

The function of store consciousnessis to receive and maintainseeds and their habit energies,so they can manifest in the world, or remain dormant.

8 Fields of Perception
The three fields of perception, side by side: direct, where the mind meets the table itself; representation, where it meets a sign of the thing; and mere images, where it meets a flower that is only imagined. ×
the verse

Manifestations from store consciousnesscan be perceived directly in the mode of things-in-themselves,as representations, or as mere images.All are included in the eighteen elements of being.

9 Ripening and Emancipation
The five hindrances drawn as five figures ringed around a bright centre, with arrows running between them. ×
the verse and 4 reflections

All manifestations bear the marksof both the individual and the collective.The maturation of store consciousness functions in the same wayin its participation in the different stages and realms of being.

10 The Five Universals
the verse

Unobstructed and indeterminate,store consciousness is continuously flowing and changing.At the same time, it is endowedwith all five universal mental formations.

11 The Three Dharma Seals
the verse

Although impermanent and without a separate self,store consciousness contains all phenomena in the cosmos,both conditioned and unconditioned,in the form of seeds.

12 Seeds and Formations
the verse

Seeds can produce seeds.Seeds can produce formations.Formations can produce seeds.Formations can produce formations.

13 Indra's Net
the verse

Seeds and formationsboth have the nature of interbeing and interpenetration.The one is produced by the all.The all is dependent on the one.

14 True and Not True
the verse

Store consciousness is neither the same nor different,individual nor collective.Same and different inter-are.Collective and individual give rise to each other.

15 Great Mirror Wisdom
the verse

When delusion is overcome, understanding is there,and store consciousness is no longer subject to afflictions.Store consciousness becomes Great Mirror Wisdom,reflecting the cosmos in all directions.Its name is now Pure Consciousness.

👤 Part II · Manas

Verses 16–22

The part of mind that clings to the idea of a self.

16 Seeds of Delusion
the verse

Seeds of delusion give riseto the internal formations of craving and afflictions.These forces animate our consciousnessas mind and body manifest themselves.

17 Mentation
the verse

With store consciousness as its support,manas arises.Its function is mentation,grasping the seeds it considers to be a "self."

18 The Mark of a Self
the verse

The object of manas is the mark of a selffound in the field of representationsat the point where manasand store consciousness touch.

19 Discrimination
the verse

As the ground of wholesome and unwholesomeof the other six manifesting consciousnesses,manas continues discriminating.Its nature is both indeterminate and obscured.

20 Companions of Manas
the verse

Manas goes with the five universals,with mati of the five particulars,and with the four major and eight secondary afflictions.All are indeterminate and obscured.

21 Shadow Follows Form
the verse

As shadow follows form,manas always follows store.It is a misguided attempt to survive,craving for continuation and blind satisfaction.

22 Release
the verse

When the first stage of the bodhisattva path is attained,the obstacles of knowledge and afflictions are transformed.At the tenth stage, the yogi transforms the belief in a separate self,and store consciousness is released from manas.

🧑‍🌾 Part III · Mind Consciousness

Verses 23–27

Where we think and feel โ€” and where the practice begins.

23 Sphere of Cognition
the verse

With manas as its baseand phenomena as its objects,mind consciousness manifests itself.Its sphere of cognition is the broadest.

24 Perception
the verse

Mind consciousness has three modes of perception.It has access to the three fields of perception and is capableof having three natures.All mental formations manifest in itโ€”universal, particular, wholesome, unwholesome, and indeterminate.

25 The Gardener
the verse

Mind consciousness is the root of all actions of body and speech.Its nature is to manifest mental formations, but its existence is not continuous.Mind consciousness gives rise to actions that lead to ripening.It plays the role of the gardener, sowing all the seeds.

26 Non-Perception
the verse

Mind consciousness is always functioningexcept in states of non-perception,the two attainments,deep sleep, and fainting or coma.

27 States of Mind
the verse

Mind consciousness operates in five waysโ€”in cooperation with the five sense consciousnessesand independent of them,dispersed, concentrated, or unstably.

👁️ Part IV · The Sense Consciousnesses

Verses 28–30

How we touch the world through the five senses.

28 Waves upon the Water
the verse

Based on mind consciousness,the five sense consciousnesses,separately or together with mind consciousness,manifest like waves on water.

29 Direct Perception
the verse

Their field of perception is things-in-themselves.Their mode of perception is direct.Their nature can be wholesome, unwholesome, or neutral.They operate on the sense organs and the sensation center of the brain.

30 Mental Formations
the verse

They arise with theuniversal, particular, and wholesome,the basic and secondary unwholesome,and the indeterminate mental formations.

🌊 Part V · The Nature of Reality

Verses 31–40

How mind and reality inter-are โ€” subject, object, and the whole.

31 Subject and Object
the verse

Consciousness always includessubject and object.Self and other, inside and outside,are all creations of the conceptual mind.

32 Perceiver, Perceived, and Wholeness
the verse

Consciousness has three partsโ€”perceiver, perceived, and wholeness.All seeds and mental formationsare the same.

33 Birth and Death
the verse

Birth and death depend on conditions.Consciousness is by nature a discriminatory manifestation.Perceiver and perceived depend on each otheras subject and object of perception.

34 Continuous Manifestation
the verse

In individual and collective manifestation,self and nonself are not two.The cycle of birth and death is achieved in every moment.Consciousness evolves in the ocean of birth and death.

35 Consciousness
the verse

Space, time, and the four great elementsare all manifestations of consciousness.In the process of interbeing and interpenetration,our store consciousness ripens in every moment.

36 No Coming, No Going
the verse

Beings manifest when conditions are sufficient.When conditions lack, they no longer appear.Still, there is no coming, no going,no being, and no nonbeing.

37 Causes
the verse

When a seed gives rise to a formation,it is the primary cause.The subject of perception depends on the object of perception.This is object as cause.

38 Conditions
the verse

Conditions that are favorable or non-obstructingare supporting causes.The fourth type of conditionis the immediacy of continuity.

39 True Mind
the verse

Interdependent manifestation has two aspectsโ€”deluded mind and true mind.Deluded mind is imaginary construction.True mind is fulfilled nature.

40 The Realm of Suchness
the verse

Construction impregnates the mind with seeds of delusion,bringing about the misery of samsara.The fulfilled opens the door of wisdomto the realm of suchness.

🪷 Part VI · The Path of Practice

Verses 41–50

Transformation, and the fruit of the practice.

41 The Way to Practice
the verse

Meditating on the nature of interdependencecan transform delusion into enlightenment.Samsara and suchness are not two.They are one and the same.

42 Flower and Garbage
the verse

Even while blooming, the flower is already in the compost,and the compost is already in the flower.Flower and compost are not two.Delusion and enlightenment inter-are.

43 Interbeing
the verse

Don't run away from birth and death.Just look deeply into your mental formations.When the true nature of interdependence is seen,the truth of interbeing is realized.

44 Right View
the verse

Practice conscious breathingto water the seeds of awakening.Right View is a flowerblooming in the field of mind consciousness.

45 Mindfulness
the verse

When sunlight shines,it helps all vegetation grow.When mindfulness shines,it transforms all mental formations.

46 Transformation at the Base
the verse

We recognize internal knots and latent tendenciesso we can transform them.When our habit energies dissipate,transformation at the base is there.

47 The Present Moment
the verse

The present momentcontains past and future.The secret of transformationis in the way we handle this very moment.

48 Sangha
the verse

Transformation takes placein our daily life.To make the work of transformation easy,practice with a Sangha.

49 Nothing to Attain
the verse

Nothing is born, nothing dies.Nothing to hold on to, nothing to release.Samsara is nirvana.There is nothing to attain.

50 No Fear
the verse

When we realize that afflictions are no other than enlightenment,we can ride the waves of birth and death in peace,traveling in the boat of compassion on the ocean of delusion,smiling the smile of non-fear.

The verses are Thich Nhat Hanh's, from Understanding Our Mind (Parallax Press) — shared freely by Plum Village and Deer Park Monastery, and reproduced here with gratitude.