Study
Here is everything we have made to support your study of Thầy's teachings, illustrations and additional explanations around Thầy's commentaries, a reference tool for the map of the mind, and the fifty verses themselves.
The map of the mindThe Inner Landscape
The whole of the mind Thầy describes, in one place — the eight consciousnesses, the seeds, and the fifty-one mental formations with their families and valences, each in plain English. The reference to keep open beside the verses.
Open the Inner Landscape →The Verses & the Reflections
The six parts of the book. Open a part to meet its verses — each with the title the book gives it, and an illustration where we have drawn one. Open a verse for Thầy's own words, and for the Reflections written on it: short standalone pieces we are adding one at a time.
🫘 Part I · Store Consciousness
Verses 1–15
The ground of the mind, where all our seeds are kept โ and how they ripen into the worlds we live in.
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the verse
Mind is a fieldin which every kind of seed is sown.This mind-field can also be called"all the seeds."
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In us are infinite varieties of seedsโseeds of samsara, nirvana, delusion, and enlightenment,seeds of suffering and happiness,seeds of perceptions, names, and words.
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Seeds that manifest as body and mind,as realms of being, stages, and worlds,are all stored in our consciousness.That is why it is called "store."
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Some seeds are innate,handed down by our ancestors.Some were sown while we were still in the womb,others were sown when we were children.
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Whether transmitted by family, friends,society, or education,all our seeds are, by nature,both individual and collective.
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The quality of our lifedepends on the qualityof the seedsthat lie deep in our consciousness.
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The function of store consciousnessis to receive and maintainseeds and their habit energies,so they can manifest in the world, or remain dormant.
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Manifestations from store consciousnesscan be perceived directly in the mode of things-in-themselves,as representations, or as mere images.All are included in the eighteen elements of being.
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the verse and 4 reflections
All manifestations bear the marksof both the individual and the collective.The maturation of store consciousness functions in the same wayin its participation in the different stages and realms of being.
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Unobstructed and indeterminate,store consciousness is continuously flowing and changing.At the same time, it is endowedwith all five universal mental formations.
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Although impermanent and without a separate self,store consciousness contains all phenomena in the cosmos,both conditioned and unconditioned,in the form of seeds.
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Seeds can produce seeds.Seeds can produce formations.Formations can produce seeds.Formations can produce formations.
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Seeds and formationsboth have the nature of interbeing and interpenetration.The one is produced by the all.The all is dependent on the one.
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Store consciousness is neither the same nor different,individual nor collective.Same and different inter-are.Collective and individual give rise to each other.
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When delusion is overcome, understanding is there,and store consciousness is no longer subject to afflictions.Store consciousness becomes Great Mirror Wisdom,reflecting the cosmos in all directions.Its name is now Pure Consciousness.
👤 Part II · Manas
Verses 16–22
The part of mind that clings to the idea of a self.
the verse
Seeds of delusion give riseto the internal formations of craving and afflictions.These forces animate our consciousnessas mind and body manifest themselves.
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With store consciousness as its support,manas arises.Its function is mentation,grasping the seeds it considers to be a "self."
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The object of manas is the mark of a selffound in the field of representationsat the point where manasand store consciousness touch.
the verse
As the ground of wholesome and unwholesomeof the other six manifesting consciousnesses,manas continues discriminating.Its nature is both indeterminate and obscured.
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Manas goes with the five universals,with mati of the five particulars,and with the four major and eight secondary afflictions.All are indeterminate and obscured.
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As shadow follows form,manas always follows store.It is a misguided attempt to survive,craving for continuation and blind satisfaction.
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When the first stage of the bodhisattva path is attained,the obstacles of knowledge and afflictions are transformed.At the tenth stage, the yogi transforms the belief in a separate self,and store consciousness is released from manas.
🧑🌾 Part III · Mind Consciousness
Verses 23–27
Where we think and feel โ and where the practice begins.
the verse
With manas as its baseand phenomena as its objects,mind consciousness manifests itself.Its sphere of cognition is the broadest.
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Mind consciousness has three modes of perception.It has access to the three fields of perception and is capableof having three natures.All mental formations manifest in itโuniversal, particular, wholesome, unwholesome, and indeterminate.
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Mind consciousness is the root of all actions of body and speech.Its nature is to manifest mental formations, but its existence is not continuous.Mind consciousness gives rise to actions that lead to ripening.It plays the role of the gardener, sowing all the seeds.
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Mind consciousness is always functioningexcept in states of non-perception,the two attainments,deep sleep, and fainting or coma.
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Mind consciousness operates in five waysโin cooperation with the five sense consciousnessesand independent of them,dispersed, concentrated, or unstably.
👁️ Part IV · The Sense Consciousnesses
Verses 28–30
How we touch the world through the five senses.
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Based on mind consciousness,the five sense consciousnesses,separately or together with mind consciousness,manifest like waves on water.
the verse
Their field of perception is things-in-themselves.Their mode of perception is direct.Their nature can be wholesome, unwholesome, or neutral.They operate on the sense organs and the sensation center of the brain.
the verse
They arise with theuniversal, particular, and wholesome,the basic and secondary unwholesome,and the indeterminate mental formations.
🌊 Part V · The Nature of Reality
Verses 31–40
How mind and reality inter-are โ subject, object, and the whole.
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Consciousness always includessubject and object.Self and other, inside and outside,are all creations of the conceptual mind.
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Consciousness has three partsโperceiver, perceived, and wholeness.All seeds and mental formationsare the same.
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Birth and death depend on conditions.Consciousness is by nature a discriminatory manifestation.Perceiver and perceived depend on each otheras subject and object of perception.
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In individual and collective manifestation,self and nonself are not two.The cycle of birth and death is achieved in every moment.Consciousness evolves in the ocean of birth and death.
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Space, time, and the four great elementsare all manifestations of consciousness.In the process of interbeing and interpenetration,our store consciousness ripens in every moment.
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Beings manifest when conditions are sufficient.When conditions lack, they no longer appear.Still, there is no coming, no going,no being, and no nonbeing.
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When a seed gives rise to a formation,it is the primary cause.The subject of perception depends on the object of perception.This is object as cause.
the verse
Conditions that are favorable or non-obstructingare supporting causes.The fourth type of conditionis the immediacy of continuity.
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Interdependent manifestation has two aspectsโdeluded mind and true mind.Deluded mind is imaginary construction.True mind is fulfilled nature.
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Construction impregnates the mind with seeds of delusion,bringing about the misery of samsara.The fulfilled opens the door of wisdomto the realm of suchness.
🪷 Part VI · The Path of Practice
Verses 41–50
Transformation, and the fruit of the practice.
the verse
Meditating on the nature of interdependencecan transform delusion into enlightenment.Samsara and suchness are not two.They are one and the same.
the verse
Even while blooming, the flower is already in the compost,and the compost is already in the flower.Flower and compost are not two.Delusion and enlightenment inter-are.
the verse
Don't run away from birth and death.Just look deeply into your mental formations.When the true nature of interdependence is seen,the truth of interbeing is realized.
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Practice conscious breathingto water the seeds of awakening.Right View is a flowerblooming in the field of mind consciousness.
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When sunlight shines,it helps all vegetation grow.When mindfulness shines,it transforms all mental formations.
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We recognize internal knots and latent tendenciesso we can transform them.When our habit energies dissipate,transformation at the base is there.
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The present momentcontains past and future.The secret of transformationis in the way we handle this very moment.
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Transformation takes placein our daily life.To make the work of transformation easy,practice with a Sangha.
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Nothing is born, nothing dies.Nothing to hold on to, nothing to release.Samsara is nirvana.There is nothing to attain.
the verse
When we realize that afflictions are no other than enlightenment,we can ride the waves of birth and death in peace,traveling in the boat of compassion on the ocean of delusion,smiling the smile of non-fear.
The verses are Thich Nhat Hanh's, from Understanding Our Mind (Parallax Press) — shared freely by Plum Village and Deer Park Monastery, and reproduced here with gratitude.